Creative And Critical Thinking Among Students Education Essay Free Essays

â€Å" 7,987 directly As in SPM † screamed the headlines of major newspapers when the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia consequences were announced on the 10th of March 2010. The arrested development with academic accomplishments among Malaysians knew no bounds. Every twelvemonth, exhilaration and joy, anxiousness and letdown, pervade among pupils, parents and instructors when the Ministry of Education and Malaysian Examination Board releases the consequences of public scrutinies, be it UPSR, PMR, SPM and STPM. We will write a custom essay sample on Creative And Critical Thinking Among Students Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The compulsion with academic accomplishment is dominating all other facets of a holistic instruction system in Malaysia. The Malayan Education Philosophy clearly states that the function of the school course of study is to guarantee the holistic development of the single mentally, physically, spiritually and emotionally by leaving general cognition and accomplishments ; cultivating, transfusing and furthering healthy attitudes and recognized moral values. The course of study aims to convey forth the Malayan citizen who is a balanced and all-around person, trained, adept, and cherishes the national aspiration for integrity. Why all the ballyhoo with pupils ‘ academic accomplishments? Harmonizing to Professor Dr. Ray Wilks, Head of the School of Psychology, International Medical University, there is no grounds to demo a positive correlativity between academic accomplishment in scrutiny and acquisition. Learning should non be about go throughing scrutinies. â€Å" We should alternatively make more wonder in kids ‘s acquisition to foster creativeness and innovativeness, † says Professor Dr. Ray Wilks. Indeed, the instruction systems in Malaysia purposes to model persons to go better Malaysians with the right attitudes, and to fit them with the cognition and accomplishments necessary in the 21st century to do Malaysia a developed state by the twelvemonth 2020. To run into the challenges of the 20 first-century and Vision 2020, learning and learning patterns and school direction are invariably reviewed to develop persons who are technologically literate and can lend to a originative and advanced work force. This transmutation will imply altering the school civilization, from one that is preponderantly memory-based to one that stimulates believing, creativeness, and innovativeness. Yet the importance placed on academic accomplishment has earnestly impacted on the ability and efficiency of the Malayan instruction system in developing holistic persons that are able to manage the challenges of life after formal schooling. In fact many a times, newspapers highlighted employers ailments that school departers and even university ‘s alumnuss have jobs discoursing and pass oning efficaciously, allow entirely to believe critically and creatively. In add-on the deficiency of critical and originative thought abilities among Malaysians school departers and university alumnuss has been pinpointed by the Minister of Human Resource, Datuk Dr. S Subramaniam, as one of the chief jobs lending to their low marketability in the occupation market. The deficiency of believing accomplishments among the present and future work force of the state will halter the state ‘s attempts toward accomplishing a developed state position by 2020. What are critical and originative thought? Critical thought is a type of believing that converges on a individual idea or entity. One must form, analyse or measure information, which might besides be broken into parts and taught explicitly. A cognitive procedure complimentary to, but different than critical thought, is originative thought. This believing diverges from a individual idea or entity. One must bring forth, synthesise, happen options, adapt, replacement, or elaborate. Critical and originative thought are the edifice blocks that will do certain our pupils will hold the required thought accomplishments to win in life and at work and guarantee the attainment of Vision 2020. Detractors of attempts to stress critical and originative thought in the course of study have point to the possibility of poorer academic accomplishments as a effect. However, research has shown that when pupils develop their thought accomplishments by looking beyond the obvious, doing originative connexions, developing schemes, doing determinations, be aftering in front and reflecting, they besides improved their academic public presentation. Therefore, stressing critical and originative thought will augment academic accomplishment. How to promote critical and originative thought? One manner is to cut down the accent on the usage summational appraisals such as UPSR, PMR and SPM. Summational appraisals are used for categorising pupils and emphasize the usage of written scrutinies. The UPSR and PMR summational appraisal have deviated from its original intent of naming larning jobs with the purpose of fixing remedial actions to better pupils larning. They are now used to stream kids into categories. In psychological footings, it is bad to label kids. It is positive support for smart kids, as defined by our appraisal system, but non for the kids who do non make good. The tools used in our public scrutinies are picking up all the rote scholars. Professor Dr Ray Wilks says, â€Å" From a psychological point of position, to label a kid of 12 is a sort of life sentence. † He further provinces that experiments have shown that if we tell instructors that a kid is of certain achievement degree, they will learn to th at point. The instructors will non raise their instruction to the following degree for that kid. Alternatively we should promote more formative appraisal in the acquisition environments. Formative appraisal besides called uninterrupted appraisal is a more dependable manner to look at the acquisition procedure. School-based uninterrupted appraisal looks at broader instruction accomplishments, such as communicating, critical and originative thought, and teamwork, instead than merely textbook accomplishments. These accomplishments are assessed by instructors through activities like arguments, play, analyzing issues and undertaking work. Formative appraisals besides provide diagnostic information to enable instructors to help pupils with larning troubles. Furthermore, when there are less public scrutinies, kids can hold more clip to research other involvements such as music and humanistic disciplines that would assist instil creativeness in them. â€Å" I ‘ve ever wanted my kids to larn to play the piano, but they are ever tired after schools and tuition, † says one parent. With less scrutiny, instructors will besides hold more clip to form field trips and jaunts, which will let pupils to be in contact with nature and detect new larning chances for critical and originative thought that may non be present in the schoolroom. Given appropriate chances, kids can prosecute in sophisticated cognitive procedures. Research suggests that either excessively much or excessively small construction can forestall development of critical and originative thought and in the procedure kids are non equipped with active and strategic attacks to larning undertakings. Therefore, appropriate instructional attacks could consequences in pupils heightening their critical and originative thought accomplishments. Three attacks are normally used in the instruction of believing accomplishments: stand-alone attack, submergence attack and embedded attack. Stand-alone attack consists of learning believing accomplishments separate from capable affair content. In this instance a general set of thought accomplishments are identified and taught as a separate class or capable. Students are taught how to reassign the accomplishments to assorted topics and state of affairss. However, believing accomplishments taught in isolation tend to consequences in pupils holding jobs reassigning believing accomplishments to academic or existent universe jobs. The submergence attack does non affect learning believing accomplishments. Rather it allows good thought to develop of course as a consequence of pupils being to the full engaged or immersed in content-related activities which calls for higher degrees of thought. Students are provided with perennial patterns in complex cognitive activities with the premise that they will finally develop the necessary cognitive accomplishments to successfully prosecute in high-ranking thought. However, research has shown that merely plunging pupils in thought activities is non an effectual instructional attack. The embedded attack involves learning believing accomplishments within a subject-matter context. Thinking accomplishments are taught in scientific discipline, societal surveies, linguistic communication, humanistic disciplines, and some other topics. Students than use these accomplishments straight to the peculiar topic being studied. This allows pupils to utilize the accomplishments in a meaningful context and helps them larn the capable affair more profoundly. An embedded attack is an effectual manner to learn believing accomplishments. Rather than an extra topic, believing accomplishments are used to heighten whatever course of study presently being taught. Training instructors in specific instructional attacks means that schools must put in instructors ‘ professional development. Instructional attacks that help instructors incorporate a â€Å" acquisition to believe † constituent into their course of study empower pupils to take duty for bettering their thought and acquisition. Although cognitive development is merely one portion of a kid ‘s overall development, it is indispensable that instructors respond to the community demand for and the kid ‘s right to cognitive competency. Teacher developing suppliers need to go cognizant of the benefits of certain instructional attacks on pupil public presentation and integrated preparation in such attacks in their classs. Therefore, in decision, Malaysia needs to guarantee that its future coevals does non merely execute good academically but should possess the ability to believe critically and creatively. All Malaysians should back up the integrating of critical and originative thought in its educational course of study. It should non merely simply be stated in printed paperss. Affirmative actions should be put in topographic point to guarantee that the instruction and acquisition of critical and originative thought is actualized in the schoolroom context. Lest, Vision 2020 remains a dream and Malaysia will bumble in its ability to accomplish the New Economic Model towards accomplishing 1Malaysia, â€Å" Peoples First, Performance Now † . ( 1497 words ) How to cite Creative And Critical Thinking Among Students Education Essay, Essay examples

Odysseus Essay Thesis Example For Students

Odysseus Essay Thesis Outline1 Introduction2 Getting the Storyline Right3 So What Will You Choose As the Title of Your Essay?4 Additional Tips and Ideas That Will Make Your Essay Catch the Readers’ Attention5 Conclusion Introduction Writing a good Odysseus essay doesn’t have to be an uphill task as many students suppose. Nonetheless, that does not mean that it is a walk in the park. Often most students fail right off the bat by making some mistakes which are avoidable. The biggest mistake that can result in a terrible essay occurs when a student fails to fully understand the storyline before beginning to work on the essay. Since The Odyssey  is considered to be relatively difficult to read even with a good translation, it means that anyone can easily fail to capture what was in the poets mind when writing the poem. It is imperative that you understand the following characteristics  of the poem since they will help you in creating creative, unique and coherent essays: The plot/ storyline Character traits  of all the characters and the roles they play in the poem Character analysis and how they affect the plot development The major themes in the poem Getting the Storyline Right Homer’s poem The Odyssey, is one of the greatest epic hero  Greek poems of all times. It is considered one of Homers best works as documented in his biography. The plot of the poem is based on the aftermath of a war in Troy, the Trojan War. A story is then developed based on the plot focusing on Odysseus’s escapades as he travels from Troy to his home in  Ithaka. Other primary characters used to develop the storyline include Athena and Penelope, his faithful wife.  Throughout the storyline, the poet invokes the thoughts of the reader to judge whether Odysseus is not a hero because of some mistakes he makes. The journey takes more than twenty years, and throughout the journey, there are many challenges faced until finally, Odysseus  arrives home. For example, in one scene on the Island  of Lotus Eaters, Odysseus’ men are given some magical fruits which cause them to lose direction and become unfaithful to their mission.    Back home, his faithful wife  Penelope misses him because of his prolonged absence. While she holds to the fact that his husband, Odysseus is alive, most people discourage him. The situation is so bad such that there are over one hundred suitors from Ithaka  who are willing to marry her. Nonetheless, she remains firm to her decision and chooses not to be unfaithful  to her husband, which would anger the gods.   So What Will You Choose As the Title of Your Essay? Since most essay  titles  are open-ended in most poems, as a student, you have a free will of coming up with a title that you find interesting and can create relevant content. Some of the options you can consider as the main essay topic or subtitles are: Write a character analysis  of one or more characters that you find interesting and worth discussing the poem. It is advisable to select one of the main characters who play a significant role in plot development. It can either be Odysseus  himself, Penelope or Athena. If you choose to discuss a character/characters, you should aim to address how they contribute to the plot development. For instance, consider how Odysseus’s cleverness is depicted in the poem and its effects on the storyline. On the same note, you can write about the role of gods in the Odysseus and whether they were  unfaithful  or not. Base your essay on one or several themes that are prominent in the poem. For instance, you can opt to write on betrayal, vengeance, determination, hospitality or loyalty and unfaithful people. If you are not sure whether you will manage to reach the target word count, you can focus on a determination as a theme, since it is the overriding theme in the poem. Another interesting approach to the essay is to relate the poem to the contemporary world. The approach can be award-winning considering that the original poem was written back in 700BC. Wouldn’t a comparison of the way of life on the Island  more than 2000 years ago with the modern era be interesting? You can spice it up by relating the experiences to yourself, or situations that you have encountered first hand. Additional Tips and Ideas That Will Make Your Essay Catch the Readers’ Attention To raise the quality of your essay a notch higher, you can think about the following: Consider the struggles that Odysseus  faced as a symbolic representation of the struggles that we as human beings face as we strive to achieve our goals in life. Although there are a lot of supernatural powers such as the roles gods  play in the storyline, the experiences faced by the characters are less the same as those faced by ordinary human beings. Some of the adventures on the island  of Cyclops could be compared to our own experience to give the essay a unique twist. Have you ever taken any risks in a desperate attempt to get what you want or achieve a specific objective? Is there something or someone that you are willing to give your life for their sake? Do you ever face any obstacles in your life? How do you deal when such issues arise? How do the societies in the ancient Greek relate to those in the modern era? Are there gods in the contemporary world? Lastly, for those who have an in-depth understanding of the poem, you can base your essay on ironies cited in the essay. However, if you choose to focus your essay on the author’s writing style, you have to be cautious. The last thing any instructor wants is an essay which has been based on a wrong textual interpretation. A classic example of the instance mentioned above is to compare the reception Odysseus  was given by the King and Queen, who were total strangers as compared to that which he received upon his arrival to Ithaka, his homeland. Similarly, you can present an argument as to whether you think finally Odysseus is not a hero because  of one or two reasons from the poem. Conclusion Evidently, there are many approaches that one can take when writing the essay to make it captivating, yet remaining relevant to the context of the poem. To make coherent arguments, you should ensure that you have sufficient textual evidence from the poem with proper citations.

Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor free essay sample

Recently the spotlight has been set on renewable energies to assist with weaning off of greenhouse gas emissions, solving issues with energy independence, and to exploit their inherent renewability. Unfortunately our technology is not quite up to speed economically with our wish to rely completely on renewable energy, thus many non- renewable energies are recognized as viable options to power our economy (Fraser, 2011). The United States current position on diversifying with non-renewables onsists of oil, natural gas, coal, and the less spoken of, nuclear power. Nuclear power is the process by which a reactor contains a slow explosion called fission, which gives Offa positive net amount of energy that can be harvested. Of course the social stigma around nuclear is so strong that even if there were an undiscovered completely safe type of nuclear power plant, Justifying the complex science would be challenging. After events such as Fukushima, Chernobyl, and Three Mile Island, the vast majority of society believes nuclear energy is nothing more than a death wish. We will write a custom essay sample on Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Contrary to popular belief, a safer alternative in nuclear energy has been discovered and has been gaining popularity over the past few years despite the recent tragedy in Japan (Sorensen, 2011). Though newly rekindled, the non-mainstream nuclear power known as Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) was discovered in the 1960s and had been proved to be a very attractive option to the more popular Light Water Reactor (LWR). It all began with nuclear physicist Alvin Weinberg, who would graduate from the University of Chicago soon become research director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Weinberg was given the freedom to experiment with designing multiple types of nuclear reactors including the prominent LWRs that are in commercial use today. Subsequently Weinberg had noted the potential danger of a LWR and moved on to designing a safer nuclear power technology that he would end up supporting for the rest of his life. His research team at ORNL created a fluid fuel in a MSR, opposed to the traditional solid fuel in LWRs, in order to decrease the pressure and overall danger of the system. To Weinbergs delight, although this rototype MSR had corrosive issues because of the salt involved, Weinberg deemed this technology far more superior to LWR. Furthermore, the worst part about current hatred for LWRs is that although it can be a dangerous process, the technology is revolutionary and its power has potential that we are seriously unaware of. For now with our current state of knowledge about nuclear power combined with our worlds predicament with how we generate power so ineffectively, MSRs must be and should have always been the governments number one priority (Sorensen, 2011). This pecific type of nuclear reactor is certainly on the minds of at least China, India, Brazil, Indonesia, South Korea, and Australia (Furukawa, 2008). Since these countries showed interest at least by 2008 it can be assumed that they are already in the process of construction. An example for our worst-case scenario would be for the United States to simply stand back and watch as the rest ot the world capi talizes on the best power generating technology known to man. A technology that of course the United States developed and had in operation fifty years ago, but the idea simply aded away. As the majority of the US would like to go green, it may not be too early to claim the MSR as green nuclear power. Nuclear reactors do not emit greenhouse gases taking care of one of the three major concerns with the future of energy. Though observing an entire life cycle of Thorium and materials to make the power plant, there are transportation emissions involved. It turns out however, that Thorium is extremely accessible in the US as it is already mined concurrently with other rare earth minerals but is typically discarded for lack of utility. The United States has omewhere in the order of 15% of the worlds total Thorium stockpile at around 15 million tons (Bonometti, 2008). Even if we were to run out of Thorium, the Moon has even greater amounts that by the time we begin to hit peak Thorium it will surely be so far in the future that extracting moon materials would not be a challenge. As an investor this further assures a safe bet, but what is so safe about the LFTR design is that a meltdown or explosion is so much more unlikely to occur than in LWR systems. Since the carrier of thorium is a liquid, liquid fluoride, it allows standard pressure at igh temperatures. Traditionally, in LWR, water had to cool down the solid fuel since it couldnt handle the high temperatures because of high pressure, which had always been a fine line behind meltdowns (Sorensen, 2011). In the LFTR, the system can naturally correct an over heated system by melting a frozen salt plug at the base of the system to enter into an emergency cooling tank. If LFTR technology has already been proved, proved to be safe, proved to be powerful, and proved to be available and cheap, then why doesnt the world run on it? The technology itself seems to be a it mysterious itself or maybe doubtful since it has already been ignored once before. What it comes down to is the timescale that nuclear reactors had been created. Back at Oak Ridge Laboratory where Weinberg had designed nuclear power he first designed the LWR, which happened to be more dangerous, but nevertheless reported his results. Quickly academics and politicians alike were astounded by the amount of power that could be generated through nuclear fission. Academics such as Weinberg understood the dangerous design of the LWR and proceeded to design afer alternatives, hence the MSR. Politicians on the other hand, had deadlines to meet, people to please, Jobs to create, and the LWR went commercial. There is even a specific phone call between President Nixon and a California LWR director expressing swift actions to commercialize the technology before elections (Sorensen, 2011). As Weinberg fought the Nixon administration to stop continuing with LWRs he was soon fired from the Oak Ridge Lab and so did the MSR department. Thus many scientists have since seen and admired his work and have finally had reason to express its arious benefits once the inevitable failures of LWR ensued, for example, Fukushima. In addition, it is important to note how resultant issues with LWR nuclear plants in the past have all been due to the intrinsic difficulty with handling a solid fuel at its required high pressure for fission to take place. In other words, none of those accidents would have happened if they would have simply listened to their founder, Weinberg, and chose to go with an MSR design. As the public is informed with this somewhat difficult science I imagine it will take about as long to understand the itterence in types ot nuclear reactors as it did tor the majority ot the population to understand the science behind the greenhouse effect. This is based on the fact that the same oil and coal industries will be threatened along with ill-educated environmentalists who will viciously support only renewable energy.

Conflict Resolution MLB Essay

Conflict Resolution MLB Essay Conflict Resolution MLB Essay Major league baseball as we know it today began as merely a form of entertainment and good-natured competition. By the mid-1800’s the sport’s popularity had grown so much that the activity became more of a business. More and more teams and leagues were formed with the owners trying to gain the maximum benefit and financial gain from the increasingly profitable sport. Analysis As the popularity of baseball grew, the players also became increasingly aware of the value of their skills and sought ways to protect their interests while taking full advantage of their personal income potential, including exploring opportunities with other teams. Fearing the loss of players they relied on for profits, the owners joined together, without consideration for the players, and agreed to include provisions in player contracts that prevented the players from leaving one team and switching to another team. By avoiding communication with the players about their concerns and not collaborating to bring about a resolution, the owners’ actions led to distrust and the formation of unions in an attempt to strength the position of the players. The first head of the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) had experience as a hard-ball trade union negotiator who favored aggressive, pressuring tactics over the caring and fatherly approach of previous years. The owners responded by forming their own negotiating group, the Major League Player Relations Committee (PRC). Thus began many years of major league baseball contract negotiations that involved battles over contract terms between the team owners and the unions that represented the baseball players. This era was characterized by distributive negotiation approaches with each of the parties trying to get the largest share of the available resources. One example was the negotiations for the third Basic Agreement in the early 1970’s where there was disagreement over the amount the owners should contribute to the players’ pension fund. The players’ union contended that surplus pension funds existed that resulted in a bargaining range that would allow some of those funds to be used to offset higher cost-of-living expenses. True to the distributive negotiation strategy, the owners avoided communication and initially refused to share applicable financial information. The parties failed to reach an agreement and the payers went on strike. The work stoppage forced the parties to hammer out a compromise agreement that yielded $500,000 for the pension fund. However, the dispute costs for the players’ union and the owners were $1 million and $5.2 million, respectively. A similar situation occurred in 1981 when the players and owners could not reach agreement on free-agent compensation. The issue was exacerbated by the media’s attention on the hostile relationship that had developed between the leaders of the players’ union and the owners’ group. The players once again went on strike, which was settled after 50 days with the help of Federal agencies. The dispute costs in this instance were $30 million in wages for the players and $72 million in lost revenues for the owners. Ironically, the settlement was very similar to the Union’s bargaining position, but at a significant cost to both parties. The relationship between the owners and the players continued to deteriorate in the midst of owner collusion, work stoppages, and increasing demands by the players. In 1992, the head of the PRC was removed from office and the owners made a commitment to inform the players that there will be no games played unless a deal is finalized, understanding that could mean they would not play for one or two years if need be. Failure to gain agreement on salary arbitration, a â€Å"salary cap,† free agent eligibility, and distribution of television revenue prompted the players to go on strike; a work stoppage that would last 232 days. While the amount of revenue lost was

Federalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Federalism - Essay Example As Washington D.C. continues to come up with laws and regulations to guide the entire nation without engaging in much consultation with the states governments, the state legislators have voiced their disappointed for failing to be included in the process and have done this by introducing bills that seek to nullify some of the national government’s laws and regulations. State regulators claim that the national government has engaged in overregulation and have decided not to sit back and watch. The year 2014 marks the period when there has been an explosion of bills and this has aggravated the conflict between the national government and state governments further (Wheeler, â€Å"States Rise Up†). Due to the fact that federalism involves a nation being ruled by two forms of government or there being power sharing, conflicts are bound to emerge. In the second article, conflict between the national government and state governments over the issue of drug approval is discussed. An example of two terminally ill patients from the state of Massachusetts and who are brothers is given (Ollove, â€Å"Right-To-Try†). The boys suffer from a disease known as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Due to lack of proper medication, the boys’ conditions have continued to deteriorate. This is despite the fact that the right medication can be made available, if the national government revised its drug approval process. In the United States, it takes approximately 5.5 to 10.5 years for a drug to be approved by the FDA (Ollove, â€Å"Right-To-Try†). This is rather long especially given that the period is long enough for the health conditions of patients to deteriorate further and for the unfortunate ones, to never make it to receive the medication. This is the reason behind the conflict over right-to-try between state governments and the national government. States

Typhoid fever in children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Typhoid fever in children - Essay Example Moreover, typhoid fever usually hits children and young adults aged 5-19 years, although the age range can be much younger to much older (Bhan et al., 2005). Paratyphoid fever, which is a related disease, accounts for 5.4 million sick people worldwide (Crump & Mintz, 2010). Thus, one can see the severity of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever and the fatalities that they bring. Unless, therefore, there are measures to prevent typhoid fever, there is no way that the situation can be improved. 2.0 HISTORY The Salmonella enteric bacterium has evolved beginning 50,000 years ago and has been known for its â€Å"remarkable mechanisms for persistence† in the human host (Bahn et al., 2005). By the early 20th century in Europe and the United States, the disease has greatly declined because of the improvement in the water supply as well as in the sewage systems. Nevertheless, the disease remained a serious health concern for the public. It was the introduction of chloramphenicol treatme nt that somehow made typhoid fever a manageable infection and not anymore a fatal disease. Nevertheless, in 1972, some chloramphenicol-resistant typhoid fever emerged. This was then countered with new antibiotics – ampicillin, amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole. In the 1980s and the 1990s, some new resistant strains once more emerged and this time they are resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole. The current treatment is now third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, although there have also been reported decrease in susceptibility (Bahn et al. 2005). 3.0 SALMONELLA ENTERICA, DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TYPHOID, NON TYPHOID SALMONELLAE AND S. PARATYPHI IN TERMS OF GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Typhoid salmonellae involve the invasion of the gut mucosa located in the terminal ileum either through the M-cells that serve as the epithelium of all gut tissue or through the enterocytes. Through the epithelial receptor called cystic fibrosis transmembrane co nductance regulator protein, the typhoid Salmonellae adhere to the intestinal mucosa in the terminal ileum. On the other hand, non-typhoidal Salmonella leads to the invasion of the non-phagocytic epithelial cells and eventually the peripheral blood leucocytes and the lamina propia. The non-typhoidal Salmonellae then reach the intestinal lymphoid tissue, the mesenteric nodes, the thoracic duct until it causes bacteremia that infects the vital organs of the body within 24 hours. The affected parts could be the spleen, the liver, the bone marrow, as well as other parts of the reticuloendothelial system (Bhan et al., 2005). Typhoid fever is found in India, Indonesia and Vietnam, as well as in Bangladesh and Nepal. Paratyphoid fever, which is less prevalent than typhoid, occurs in India and Nepal (Bhan et al., 2005). 4.0 HOW DOES THE BACTERIA CAUSE A DISEASE? S. typhi causes the disease through the invasion of the gut mucosa in the terminal ileum. Then it enters the mucosa through the M- cells or through the enterocytes (Bhan et al., 2005). As the mucosal barrier is overcome, what follows is bacteremia. Then there is exudative inflammation in the terminal ileum and colon, thus causing diarrhea. What further takes place is interstitial inflammation and decrease

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The broad membership of the panel includes people from investor community, law practitioners in the city and people from business houses. The panel became a statuary body in May-06, thereby giving it the power to enforce its rules and lows in compliance of the code. The code of the panel is also included in the part 28 of the Companies Act 2006. It is the overall responsibility of the panel towards policy making, financing and administrating functions or the Panel and its code. The two committees of Panel include the Hearing Committee and the Code Committee. It also has a Panel Executive that carries out the daily work of the Panel and is creditworthy of general administration. The Panel operates with 6 general principles, 38 rules and 4 fundamental objectives which include equal and fair treatment for shareholders, availability of information to the shareholders in proper and timely manner, restoring fair markets and preventing frustration action against any of them. B. Identify and examine economic reasons for acquisitions and mergers and discuss why the expected economic benefits may not be achieved? The primary reason for acquisitions and mergers by a firm is its desire and effort to increase its market power. For increase the size and market capitalization of the firm, company’s go for horizontal, vertical and conglomerate mergers. Other economic reasons for acquisitions and mergers include overcoming of market barriers, increased speed to the market by increasing market capitalization and gaining access to new markets, overcoming the high risk and high costs of new product development, diversification into other activities/businesses, and reshaping the firm’s competitive scope. Some companies go for mergers and acquisitions to restructure their cost of capital by increasing/diluting equity and through leverage buyouts. More often cross border acquisitions offer the company with cheap access to resources like labour and raw materials, modern technology and sometimes benefits from legality. Sometimes the expected benefits out of a merger and acquisition may not be achieved by the firms. Many firms tend to increase their cost of capital post merger rather than decreasing it. Moreover, in case of leverage buyouts many companies fall in liquidity and solvency risks by increasing their debt equity ratio more than anticipated. For a successful merger and acquisition a firm needs to understand the culture of the organization it is aiming to acquire. The firm many not receive a good support from the employees and stakeholders of the organization acquired which reduces the economic benefits expected out of the acquisition. Another primary concern in the acquisitions is the valuation of company to be acquired. In case of high valuations where a company pays high price in excess of market value for acquiring other company, economic benefits tend to dry down over a period of time. Part 2 Identify the long term funding options avail able for unquoted small and medium business enterprises, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these funding options. Small and medium businesses (SME’s) include the companies that are not listed in stock exchange and wherein business is owned by a limited number of people. Moreover, there includes family partnerships in which individuals start-off with the purpose of achieving self employment. SME’s face problems in getting financing primarily due to